Government Responsibilities in Canada – Who Does What

What are the various levels of government in Canada, and what do they do?

There are three levels of government in Canada: Federal, Provincial or Territorial and Municipal. Each level of government has unique powers and responsibilities, originally outlined in the British North America Act which was eventually replaced by the Canada Act, and its subsequent revisions – commonly referred to as the Canadian Constitution. This division of roles is called a Federal system. As a Constitutional Monarchy our official Head of State is Queen Elizabeth, who is also the Head of State of Great Britain. The Prime Minister is the elected head of state. Each Province or territory also has an Official Head of State representing the Queen, called a Lieutenant Governor and an elected head of state called a Premier. At the Municipal level the leader of government is called a Mayor.

Canada’s system of government is very different than that of other countries and our traditions for how we are operate are very different and quite noticeable during times of crisis.

How do governments get the money to pay for services that they provide?

Governments in Canada typically pay for services by collecting taxes. The Federal Government and Provincial/Territorial Governments typically collects income taxes and sales taxes and other consumer related transactional fees and taxes, and Municipal Governments typically impose user fees and Property Taxes based on the value of personal and commercial land and property to cover the costs of providing services.

How can I access government benefits that may be available to me?

The Federal and Provincial/Territorial Governments may all provide benefits for which you can apply. Eligibility for these government benefits will depend on your situation. Use this Benefits Finder to access benefits that may you may be entitled. For additional benefits that may be available in your municipality contact your local city or regional government or inquire at your local settlement agency.

What is the Emergency Measures Act and how can this impact on my daily activities?

The Emergency Measures Act is a law, which gives authority to government to exercise unique powers to control activities of the public during times of crisis. This Act had never before been used in Canada, but may be followed to assist with the current Pandemic. Some people feel that the Act involves too much sacrifice for the Country and individual Canadians to make.